දොන් යී (Dong Yi) Korean Drama පිලිබද විස්තරයක්

Sukjong of Joseon



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
King Sukjong
King of Joseon
Portrait of King Sukjong
Reign1674–1720
PredecessorKing Hyeonjong
SuccessorKing Gyeongjong
SpouseQueen Ingyeong
Queen Inhyeon
Queen Inwon
Royal Noble Consort Jang, concubine
Royal Noble Consort Suk, concubine
Royal Noble Consort Myeong
Royal Noble Consort Yeong, concubine
Gwi-in Kim, concubine
So-ui Yu, concubine
So-ui Choe, concubine
Issue
King Gyeongjong of Joseon
Prince Seongsu
Prince Yeongsu
King Yeongjo of Joseon
unnamed son
Prince Yeonryeong
unknown son
unnamed daughter
unnamed daughter
HouseHouse of Yi
FatherKing Hyeonjong of Joseon
MotherQueen Myeongsong of the Cheongpung Kim clan
Born8 September 1661
Changdeok Palace, Korea
Died1720
Goyang, Gyeonggi Province,Korea
BurialMyeongreung, Goyang
Sukjong of Joseon
Hangul숙종
Hanja肅宗
Revised RomanizationSukjong
McCune–ReischauerSukchong
Birth name
Hangul이순
Hanja李焞
Revised RomanizationI Sun
McCune–ReischauerYi Sun
Sukjong (8 September 1661 – 13 July 1720) was the 19th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea from 1674 to 1720. A skilled politician, he caused multiple Hwanguks throughout his reign, switching between the Southerner, Westerner, Soron, and Noron political factions.

Contents

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Biography[edit]

King Sukjong was born on 8 September (15th day of the 8th lunar month) 1661 to King Hyeonjong and Queen Myeongseong atChangdeok Palace. His given name was Yi Sun. He became the Crown Prince in 1667 at age 6, and in 1674, at age 14, he became the 19th ruler of the Joseon Dynasty.
King Sukjong was a brilliant politician, but his reign was marked by some of the most intense factional fights in Joseon dynasty. Sukjong frequently replaced faction in power with another one to strengthen the royal authority. With each change of government, which was called hwanguk (환국 換局), literally turn of the state, the losing faction was completely driven out of politics with executions and exiles. Nevertheless, the chaotic changes of government did not affect the general populace significantly, and his reign is considered one of more prosperous times.

Factional Fightings[edit]

In the early years of Sukjong's reign, the Southern faction and Western faction clashed over the Royal Funeral Dispute, a seemingly minor issue regarding the mourning period for Queen Insun. The Southern faction claimed that the mourning period should last one year while the Western faction argued for a nine-month mourning period. A one-year mourning period meant that Hyojong of Joseon was considered the eldest son while 9-month period would suggest that Hyojong was considered not the eldest son, following the rules that governed the yangban class. In other words, the Western faction viewed the royal family as the first of the yangban class rather than a separate class for which different rules applied. The two factions were also in conflict over the issue of fighting the Qing Dynasty, which was considered barbaric country (as opposed to Ming Dynasty) that threatened Joseon's national security. The Southern faction, led by Huh Jeok and Yoon Hyu, supported war against Qing while Western factions wanted to focus first on improving domestic conditions.
Sukjong at first sided with the Southern faction, but in 1680, Huh Jeok was accused of treason by Western faction, which led to the execution of Huh Jeok and Yoon Hyu and purging of the Southern faction. This incident is called Kyungshin hwanguk (경신환국). Now in power, the Western faction split into the Noron (Old Learning) faction, led by Song Siyeol, and the Soron (New Learning) faction, led by Yoon Jeung. After nine years in power, the Noron collapsed when Sukjong deposed Queen Inhyeon, who was supported by the Western faction, and named Consort Hui of Jang clan (also called Consort Jang or Jang Hui-bin) as the new queen. She is widely thought to be one of the most beautiful women in Joseon Dynasty, and her beauty was mentioned in the Annals. The Western faction angered Sukjong when it opposed the naming of Consort Jang's son as crown prince. The Southern faction, who supported Consort Jang and her son, regained power and drove out Western faction, executing Song Siyeol in revenge. This is called Gisa hwangguk (기사환국).
Five years later in 1694, the Southern faction was planning another purge of the Western faction, accusing them of conspiracy to reinstate the deposed Queen Inhyeon, when Sukjong began to regret deposing Queen Inhyeon and favor Consort Suk of Choe clan (Consort Choe), an ally of Queen Inhyeon and the Noron faction. Angry with the Southern faction's attempt to purge Westerners, Sukjong abruptly turned around to purge Southerners and brought the Western faction back in power. The Southern faction would never recover from this blow, also called Gapsul hwanguk (갑술환국). Sukjong demoted Queen Jang to Consort Jang and reinstated Queen Inhyeon. Consort Jang was eventually executed (with poison) for cursing Queen Inhyeon after the latter died. The Soron faction supported the crown prince, Consort Jang's son, while the Noron faction supported Consort Choe's son, Yeonying-gun (later to become Yeongjo of Joseon). Late Queen Inhyeon and newly installed Queen Inwon were childless.
In 1718, Sukjong allowed the crown prince, soon to be Gyeongjong of Joseon, to rule the country as regent. Sukjong died in 1720 supposedly after telling Yi Yi-myoung to nameYeoning-geum as Kyungjong's heir, but in absence of a histriographer or recorder. This will would lead to yet another purge which led to the execution of four Noron leaders in 1721, followed by another purge with the executions of eight Noron people in 1722.
Sukjong reformed the tax system and allowed the middle class and children of concubines to advance to higher governmental positions in provinces. In 1712, Sukjong's government worked with the Qing Dynasty in China to define the national borders between the two countries at the Yalu and Tumen Rivers. The Japanese government recognized Ulleung Island and Liancourt Rocks as Joseon's territory in 1696.
Sukjong's reign also saw agricultural development of far provinces and increased cultural activities including publications. He died after reigning for 46 years in 1720 at age 60. He was buried in Myeongreung (명릉) in Gyeonggi province, Goyang City inside Western Five Royal Graves (西五陵 서오릉 seooreung).

Family[edit]

  1. Queen Ingyeong of the Kim clan (인경왕후 김씨)
  2. Queen Inhyeon of the Yeoheung Min clan (인현왕후 민씨)
  3. Queen Inwon of the Gyeongju Kim clan (인원왕후 김씨)
  4. Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan (희빈 장씨)
  5. Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Haeju Choe clan (숙빈 최씨)
  6. Royal Noble Consort Myeong of the Miryang Park clan (명빈 박씨)
  7. Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Kim clan (영빈 김씨)
  8. Gwi-in Kim (귀인 김씨)
  9. So-ui Yu (소의 유씨)
  10. So-ui Choe (소의 최씨)
  • Children:
  1. Crown Prince Yun (왕세자 1688-1724) to become Gyeongjong of Joseon, only known son of Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan.
  2. Prince Seongsu (성수왕자), (disputed) son of Royal Noble Consort Hui of the Indong Jang clan.
  3. Prince Yeongsoo (영수왕자), (disputed) son of Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Haeju Choe clan.
  4. Prince Yeoning (연잉군 1694–1776), to become Yeongjo of Joseon, only known son of Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Haegu Choe clan.
  5. An unnamed (disputed) son of Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Haegu Choe clan.
  6. Prince Yeonryeong (연령군, 1699–1719), the only son of Royal Noble Consort Myeong of the Miryang Park clan.
  7. An unknown (disputed) only son of Choe So-ui.
  8. 2 unnamed daughters of Queen Ingyeong of the Kim clan.

Sukjong's consorts of note[edit]

See also: Queen Inhyeon, Queen Inwon, Hui-bin Jang, Queen Ingyeong, and Suk-bin Choe

Royal Noble Consort Myeong of the Miryang Park clan[edit]

Very little is known about her. She was the daughter of Park Hyo-geon (Hangul: 박효건, Hanja: 朴孝建), a yangban of the Miryang Park clan (Hangul: 밀양 박씨, Hanja: 密陽 朴氏), and entered the royal court as a gungnyeo. In 1698, on the fourth day of the eleventh month of the twenty-fourth year of the reign of King Sukjong, she was made a royal concubine with the rank of Suk-won. In 1699, on the twenty-third day of the tenth month in the twenty-fifth year of King Sukjong's reign, she was elevated to the rank of Suk-ui after giving birth to a son, Yi Hwon (Prince Yeonryeong), and in 1702, on the eighteenth day of the tenth month in the twenty-eighth year of King Sukjong's reign, she was elevated to the rank ofMyeong-bin. She died in 1703, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month in the twenty-ninth year of King Sukjong's reign.
It was said that Prince Yeonryeong was King Sukjong's favorite son. He died in 1719, 1 year before Sukjong's death in 1720. King Sukjong was greatly disturbed and saddened by the news. He wanted to attend to the funeral details himself, but couldn't because he was very ill and officials opposed, fearing it'd worsen his health. It was sad that Prince Yeonryeong didn't have any children, so Sukjong adopted another prince to be Prince Yeonryeong's "adopted child" to continue the line. Prince Yeonryeong was buried next to his mother Lady Park Myeongbin.

Ancestry[edit]

His full posthumous name[edit]

  • King Sukjong Hyeoneui Gwangyun Yeseong Yeongryeol Yumo Yeongun Hongin Jundeok Baecheon Habdo Gyehyu Dokgyung Jeongjung Hyeopgeuk Sineui Daehun Jangmun Heonmu Gyungmyung Wonhyo the Great of Korea
  • 숙종현의광윤예성영렬유모영운홍인준덕배천합도계휴독경정중협극신의대훈장문헌무경명원효대왕
  • 肅宗顯義光倫睿聖英烈裕謨永運洪仁峻德配天合道啓休篤慶正中協極神毅大勳章文憲武敬明原孝大王

In popular culture[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Lady Jang (Janghuibin) (1961)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
  2. ^ "Femme Fatale, Jang Hee-bin (Yohwa, Jang Hee-bin) (1968)". Korean Movie Database. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
  3. ^ Kim, Jessica (9 June 2010). "Dong Yi director says Ji Jin-hee "mischievous"". 10Asia. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
  4. ^ Lee, Hye-ji (22 January 2013). "Yu A-in to Take Lead in Kim Tae-hee's New Drama". 10Asia. Retrieved 2013-01-25.

See also[edit]


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Monument

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Danjae Yeongdang and Myoso (Portrait Shrine and Graveyard) - Monument No. 90

  • Danjae Yeongdang and Myoso
    Danjae Yeongdang is a portrait shrine that was established in 1978 to commemorate Shin Chaeho (Danjae; 1880∼1936) who was an independence fighter, a historian, and a journalist during the period of Japanese occupation and enshrine his portrait right in front of his grave.

    The portrait is an ink-and-color painting on silk of Danjae sitting on a chair based on the original painting drawn by Han Gwangil. The shrine is a wooden structure, 3 kan on the front and 1 kan on the side, which has a gabled tile-roof with a dual layer of eaves. In the interior, a floor and a 4-piece door were installed together with a small frontal floor. On the outside, a plate entitled Danjae Yeonggak meaning Danjae Portrait Shrine was hung. And in front of the shrine, a 3-piece door entitled Jeongki-mun was constructed. The whole compound was surrounded by a fence.

    Danjae’s grave was placed in a site where the house he lived in when he was young stood as he died in a Lu Shun prison on February 21, 1936 where he was serving his term for his activity in relation to the Far East Anarchists Alliance. In the graveyard, there stood a grave mark prepared by such figures as Han Yongun, O Sechang, and Shin Baek’u. Besides, there also stands a tombstone that was erected in 1972.

Cheongwon Sandeokri Taesil (Umbilical Cord Burial) - Monument No. 86

  • Cheongwon Sandeokri Taesil
    Taesil, also known as taebong, is a burial site, especially a stone burial of an umbilical cord belonging to the royal family. During the Chosun period, a taesil dogmam was established temporarily when a baby was born in the royal house, so that an official in charge called Antaesa could look for an auspicious site to lay a stone burial.

    As there was a taesil in Cheongwon, there was a mountain name called taebong. The burial box that was buried there was in a shape of cylinder with a capping stone. A stone burial and a capping stone were separately prepared to contain the umbilical cord jar before a complete grave could be completed.

Chehwadang-sa (Shrine) - Monument No. 73

  • Chehwadang-sa
    This is a shrine built to honor four brothers of the Kyoha No clan; No Kyewon, No Chun-won, No Chong-won and No I1-won. Local scholars during the reign of King Sonjo (r. 1567-1608) of Choson (1392-1910), they were famous for their filial piety and brotherly love. It is said that Sonjo awarded a plaque with the name Ch'ehwadang in his own calligraphy to the four brothers on the recommendation of Prime Minister Yu Song-ryong.

    A shrine was built by their descendants in 1701 in Kasan-ri, Namil-myon but it was destroyed during the reign of King Kojong(r. 1863-1907) when all private Confucian shrine-schools were abolished by royal order. This one was built in 1967 by the No clan. The monument with a record of the history of the shrine, which was erected in 1719, was moved from the original location at that time.

Han Ran Myoso and Sindobi (Han Ran Graveyard and Tombstone) - Monument No. 72

  • Han Ran Myoso and Sindobi
    This is the graveyard and Sindobi (Tombstone) that commemorate the contributions Taewi Han Ran (853~916) made to the founding of Koryo Dynasty.

    Han’s original grave was damaged in 1659 by No Bong, so Han’s descendents restored the grave in 1690. Although transformed due to this incidence, the tombstone and the gravestone are still extant. Stone figures representing officials and animals guarding the grave are still well preserved.

Park Kwang-u Myoso (Park Kwang-u Graveyard) - Monument No. 71

  • Park Kwang-u Myoso
    This is the tomb of Pak Kwang-u (1495-1545), a scholar official during the reign of King Myongjong(r. 1545-67)of Choson (1392-1910).

    Pak Kwang-u passed the state civil service examination with the highest score in 1525, served in many public posts, and participated in the compilation of Yo jisungnam(Survey of the Geography of Korea). He was caught in the factional strife which caused the purge of 1545 and put to death. He was exonerated at the plea of Yi I and his memorial tablet was permitted to be enshrined in Songch'on Sowon Confucian academy.

    This tomb is typical of Choson tombs and is valuable for the study of the funerary system of the time. A stone funerary tablet and stone table are placed in front of the mound, and a tomb marker written by Song Shi-yol in 1687 stands to their left. The stone civil official, stone child and the stone pillar are the original ones but the stele and lantern are recent additions. The tomb was moved from P'aju-gun, Kyonggi-do to hee in 1967, at which time a double layered wooden coffin was uncovered along with bronze bells and small porcelain jars. They have been designated Provincial Folklore Materials.

Yeongju-daewang Taesil Yujeok (King Yeongjo's Umbilical Cord Burial Site) - Monument No. 69

  • Yeongju-daewang Taesil Yujeok
    According to Chungcheong Doeupji (Chungcheong Provincial Gazetteer), this taesil or umbilical cord burial of King Yeongjo was located in a site that is 20 li apart from Cheongju to the east. The location was Cheongju-mok Sannae Ildong-myeon Mussang-ri, which is today’s Museong-ri.

    This taesil or burial, which contained the umbilical cord of King Yeongjo (1694~1776) who was born in 1695 (Sukjong 21), was rebuilt in 1729 in imitation of King Sukjong’s taesil in Gongju to fit the size and the structure for a king’ taesil. The shape also followed the example of King Sukjong’s. An egg-shaped burial stone and an octagonal capping stone were laid on a 2-stage round pedestal at the center and corner stones were erected on octagonal corners. A short square pillar stone was placed at the center of eight sides and a stone fence was placed around a long hexagonal stone.

    In front of the burial, the trunk of the tombstone was erected on a turtle-shaped foundation stone on which is placed the burial tablet. On the front of the tablet was written “His Highness’s Umbilical Burial”, on its back was written “Established on October 14, Ongjeong (Yung Cheng) 7”.

Choi Myunggil Myoso (Graveyard) - Monument No. 68

  • Choi Myunggil Myoso
    The center mound is the tomb of Ch'oe Myong-kil (1586-1647), a high government official who advised King Injo (r. 1623-49) to make peace with Ch'ing China in 1636 when the Manchus invaded Korea. Ch'oe excelled in writing and calligraphy. Prime minister was the highest office held by him.

    The stone tomb furniture includes an altar, a grave marker, a pair of posts and a pair of officials. The calligraphy of the inscription on the grave marker was done by Nam Ku-man. A memorial stele to Ch'oe, Ch'ungch'ongbuk-do Tangible Cultural Property No. 59, is located nearby.

Samse Chunghyo-mun (Three Generation Chunghyo-mun) - Monument No. 40

  • Samse Chunghyo-mun
    Samse Chunghyo-mun refers to two shrines, Chungsin-gak (Loyal Servant Shrine) and Samhyo-gak (Three Filial-son Shrine). The former was established to commemorate the loyalty of Kyeongheung Prefect Na Sajong (1440~1491) who died while fighting against Yeojin barbarians in 1719, and the latter was established in 1638 to commemorate filial piety of Sajong’s son Na Ungeol (1456~1493) and Ungeol’s two sons Bin (1473~1495) and Lin (1475~1495).

    Na Sajong dies in 1491 while fighting against 5,000 mounted Yeojin barbarians with 50 troops, and his son Ungeol participated in the campaign against Yeojin but committed suicide on the day he completed 3-year mourning period for his deceased father for his failure in revenging his father’s sworn enemy. In like manner, Ungeol’s two filial sons, Bin and Lin, also committed suicide on the day they completed 3-year mourning period for their deceased father for their failure even though they also participated the campaign against Yeojin. In this way, the three generations of Na’s left the precedent of loyalty and filial piety.

    Na Sajong was posthumously honored in 1717 as he was awarded the honorary title of Defense Minister for his contribution in the Yeojin campaign together with a posthumous epithet of Chungjeong. The brothers Bin and Lin were equally honored in 1701 as they were awarded the title of a Minister. The Samse Chunghyo-mun that stands facing east at the entrance of the village contains the Chungsin-gak and the Samhyo-gak within a protective fence.

Sohn Byeong-hee Seonsaeng Yuheoji (Old House of Sohn Byeong-hee) - Monument No. 30

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සංයුක්ත තැටිය නොහොත් "සී.ඩී"

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සමහර තොරතුරු ලොව අපූරුදෑ සාමන්‍යයෙන් අධික භාවිතය තුල නොසලකා හැරීම සිදුවෙන්නකි. සංයුක්ත තැටිය නොහොත් "සී.ඩී" තැටියද එවන් සොයා ගැනීමකි. මීට වසර 30කට පෙර එනම් 1982 ඔක්තෝබරයේ පලමුදා සෝනි ආයතනය විසින් ලොව පලමු සංයුක්ත තැටි ධාවකය වෙලද පොලට නිකුත් කිරිම සමග සිදුවූ තොරතුරු ලෝකයේ පහසුව අතිශය වැදගත් සිදුවීමක් ලෙසටයි හදාරන්නන් පවසන්නේ.අති සුපැහැදිලි සංගීත රස විදීමක්  භාවිතාකරන්නන් හට පොරොන්දු වෙමින්  ඩෝලර් 674කට එය මිලකර තිබූ බවටයි පැවසෙන්නේ. පිලිගත්  මට්ටමේ සංගීත වේදීන් කිහිපදෙනෙකුගේ නිර්මාන අඩංගුව නිකුත්කරතිබූ සීඩී තැටි  කිහිපයක්ම මේසමග වෙලද පොලට නිකුත්වූ බවට සටහන් වන තර ඉන් එකක් ඩොලර් 33-36 ලෙසට මිලකොට තිබූ බවටත් පැවසෙනවා.  
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